
Tattoo gun machines have their origins in the later 1800s. Many people are surprised to hear that the basic design was invented by Thomas Edison. It was patented in 1876 under the name Stencil-Pens. As the name suggests, it was originally planned as an engraving device.
From this original design, a man named Samuel O'Reilly created the first tattooing machine in 1891. Tattoo gun machines of today follow a subtly different path, however. O'Reilly based his machine on the rotary design of Edison's Stencil-Pens. Twenty days after this, a different machine was patented by a man named Thomas Riley. His version utilized electromagnets.
The tattoo gun machines of today use electromagnets also. The product Riley conceptualized used a single coil, while those of today have two. The first two coil design was patented by Alfred Charles South. It was very heavy so a spring would often hold the machine to the ceiling so there was no additional strain placed upon the artist's hand.